2019高考二輪復習英語教案: 非謂語動詞和獨立主格結構
a.不定式“獨立主格結構”
在“邏輯主語+動詞不定式”結構中，動詞不定式和它前面的名詞或代詞存在著邏輯上的主謂關系。這種結構也可用一個從句或并列分句來表達。
1.動詞不定式用主動的形式
在獨立主格結構中，動詞不定式和它前面的名詞或代詞存在著邏輯上的主謂關系。
his mother to come tonight，he is busy preparing the dinner.
他母親今晚要來,他正在忙著準備飯菜。（= as his mother is to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.）
——will you go to the concert tonight 你今晚去聽音樂會嗎？
——sorry. so many exercise-books to check, i really can't afford any time.
對不起，有這多的作業要批，我真的抽不出時間。
（＝because i shall check so many exercise-books tonight ,i really can't afford any time.）
the four of us agreed on a division of labour , each to translate a quarter of the book.
我們四人同意分工干，每人翻譯全書的四分之一。
（＝the four of us agreed on a division of labour and each is to translate a quarter of the book.）
many trees,flowers,and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful. 種上許多的樹，花和草后，我們新建的學校將看上去更美。(=if many trees,flowers,and grass are planted,our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.)
b.-ing形式“獨立主格結構”
動詞的-ing形式 作狀語時，其邏輯主語一般應與句子的主語保持一致。
being ill, he went home.
由于生病,他回家了。（= as he was very ill, he went home.）
seating himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine.
在課桌旁坐好后，他開始看雜志。（= when he had seated himself at the desk, he began to read a magazine.）
1. 表示時間的-ing形式作“獨立主格結構”
everyone being ready, the teacher began his class.
每個人都準備好后，老師開始上課。（相當于一個時間狀語從句when everyone was
ready)
the chairman began the meeting , everyone being seated.
每個人坐好后，主席開始開會。（相當于一個時間狀語從句after everyone was seated）
2. 表示原因的-ing形式作“獨立主格結構”
the boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave. 由那個男孩帶路，我們沒有困難就找到了那 奇怪的洞。（相當于一個原因狀語從句because the boy led the way）
many eyes watching him, he felt a bit nervous. 許多眼睛看著他，他感到有點兒緊張。（相當于一個原因狀語從句as many eyes were watching him）
必背：
含有being的獨立主格結構。
it being national day today，the streets are very crowded. 今天是國慶節,街上很擁擠。
= as it is national day today, the streets are very crowded.
there being no further business to discuss, we all went home. 沒有別的事可討論，我們都回家了。
= as there was no further business to discuss, we all went home.
3. 表示條件的-ing形式作“獨立主格結構”