2019高考二輪復習英語教案: 非謂語動詞和獨立主格結構
time permitting, we will have a picnic next week.
時間允許的話，我們下星期將進行一次野炊。（相當于一個條件狀語從句if time permits)
my health allowing, i will work far into the night.
我的健康許可的話，我愿工作到深夜。（相當于一個條件狀語 從句if my health allows）
4. 表示方式的-ing形式作“獨立主格結構”
the students are walking in the school happily, each wearing a card in front of his chest.
學生們快樂地在學校里走著，每個人胸前都帶著一張卡。（相當于一個并列分句and each wears a card in front of his chest）
the boy lay on the grass, his eyes looking at the sky.
男孩躺在草地上，眼睛看著天空。（相當于一個并列分句and his eyes were looking at the sky）
c.-ed形式“獨立主格結構”
與邏輯主語+動詞的-ing形式一樣，如果-ed形式的邏輯主語和句子的主語不一致的話，就需要用-ed形式的獨立主格結構。
the book written in simple english, english beginners were able to read it.
該書是用簡單英語寫的，英語初學者也能看懂。
= as the book was written in simple english，english beginners were able to read it.
the workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.
由于工人們的生活條件大大提高，他們工作得更起勁了。
= as their living conditions were greatly improved, the workers worked still harder.
he was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.
他上課專心聽講，眼睛緊盯著黑板。
= he was listening attentively in class, and his eyes were fixed on the blackboard.
the task completed, he had two months' leave.
任務完成以后，他休了兩個月的假。（=when the task had been completed, he had two months' leave.）
比較：
動詞不定式表示動作沒有發生或即將發生，動詞-ed形式表示動作已經結束，動詞-ing形式往往表示動作正在進行。
the manager looks worried，many things to settle. 經理看上去很著急, 有這么多的事情要處理。（事情還沒有處理，而且是由經理本人來處理，用不定式to settle）
the manager looks relaxed, many things settled. 許多事情已經處理好了， 經理看上去很輕松。（事情已經處理好了，用動詞-ed形式settled表示動作已經結束）
the food being cooked, the boy was watching tv. 小孩一邊做飯，一邊看電視。（兩個動作同時進行）
the food cooked, the boy went to bed. 飯做好了，小孩去睡了。（兩個動作有先后，飯已做好，小孩才去睡覺的
八、 with、without 引導的獨立主格結構
介詞with/without +賓語+賓語的補足語可以構成獨立主格結構，上面討論過的獨立主格結構的幾種情況在此結構中都能體現。
a. with+名詞代詞+形容詞
he doesn’t like to sleep with the windows open.
他不喜歡開著窗子睡覺。
= he doesn’t like to sleep when the windows are open.
he stood in the rain, with his clothes wet.
他站在雨中，衣服濕透了。