高二英語Making a difference教案3
(5) by + the + n. (表度量衡的名詞)。如：by the hour / day / week / month / year / kilogram / yard / metre...
in england, sugar is sold by the pound, eggs by the dozen and cloth by the yard. 在英國，糖是按磅賣，蛋是按打賣，布是按碼賣。
▲by和with都可以用來表示某人如何做某事，但這兩個詞之間有重要區(qū)別：by用于表示動作或方式，后跟動名詞或抽象名詞；而with 通常表示用的是什么工具或其他具體的東西。試比較： ① i killed the spider by hitting it. 我拍死了蜘蛛。(動作) ② i killed the spider with a notebook. 我用筆記本把蜘蛛打死了。(工具) ③ he got what he wanted by talking cleverly. 他由于說話靈巧而得到了他想要的東西。(動作) ④ he got what he wrested with flowers and chocolates. 他靠鮮花和巧克力得到了他想得到的東西。(具體的東西) ⑤ the street is lighted by electricity. 街道用電照明。(方式) ⑥ the street is lighted with lights.街道用電燈照明。(工具)
▲在被動語態(tài)的句子中，by表示執(zhí)行動作的人或東西，with表示所用的工具。試比較下列句子：① tile bird was killed by a cat. 那只嗎是被貓弄死的。(貓是動作執(zhí)行者) ② the bird was killed with a stone. 那只鳥是用石頭打死的。(未說明執(zhí)行者) ③ he was killed by a heart stone. (a stone fell and killed him.) 他被一塊大石頭砸死了。④ he was killed with a heavy stone. (someone used a stone to kill him.) 他是被人用石頭砸死的。
★ rest意為“其余的人”或“剩余物”，與定冠詞連用，作主語時如代表復(fù)數(shù)名詞，則謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如代表不可數(shù)名詞，則謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如：① these are mine; robert, the rest are yours. 這些是我的，羅伯特，剩下的是你的。② mary and beth will go to the movies and the rest of the girls are to go shopping. 瑪麗和貝思要去看電影，其余的女孩則要去購物。③ one of the books is written in chinese, and the rest are english. 那些書中有一本是中文的，其余都是英文的。④ only 55 percent of the raw material is canned. the rest is thrown away, or fed to cows.只有55％的原材料做了成罐頭，其余的不是扔了就是成了牛的飼料。
9. his message was that black people should not be separated but should be treated with respect in the same way as other people. 他的理想是黑人不應(yīng)該被分隔開，應(yīng)該像其他人一樣受到尊重。(p.28 第三段 第2－3行)
★本句中的表語從句中的動詞用的是虛擬語氣，當表示“要求…” “建 議”“命令”這類意義的名詞作主語時，其后的名詞性從句應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣，動詞形式為“should + 動詞原形”或直接用動詞原形，這類名詞常見的有sug- gestion， proposal，demand，request，order，requirement，advice，idea等。如： ① the workers' requirement was that their working conditions be improved. 工人們的要求是他們的工作條件應(yīng)得到改善。② our decision is that the school (should) remain closed. 我們的決定是學(xué)校暫不開學(xué)。③ sophia's idea was that they should lock up the home. 索菲婭的想法是把大門鎖起來。④ her suggestion was that they carry on their conversation in french.她的建議是他們用法語對話。