2019高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語教案 非謂語動詞和獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
男孩躺在草地上，眼睛看著天空。（相當(dāng)于一個并列分句and his eyes were looking at the sky）
c.-ed形式“獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”
與邏輯主語+動詞的-ing形式一樣，如果-ed形式的邏輯主語和句子的主語不一致的話，就需要用-ed形式的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。
the book written in simple english, english beginners were able to read it.
該書是用簡單英語寫的，英語初學(xué)者也能看懂。
= as the book was written in simple english，english beginners were able to read it.
the workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved.
由于工人們的生活條件大大提高，他們工作得更起勁了。
= as their living conditions were greatly improved, the workers worked still harder.
he was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.
他上課專心聽講，眼睛緊盯著黑板。
= he was listening attentively in class, and his eyes were fixed on the blackboard.
the task completed, he had two months' leave.
任務(wù)完成以后，他休了兩個月的假。（=when the task had been completed, he had two months' leave.）
比較：
動詞不定式表示動作沒有發(fā)生或即將發(fā)生，動詞-ed形式表示動作已經(jīng)結(jié)束，動詞-ing形式 往往表示動作正在進(jìn)行。
the manager looks worried，many things to settle. 經(jīng)理看上去很著急, 有這么多的事情要處理。（事情還沒有處理，而且是由經(jīng)理本人來處理，用不定式to settle）
the manager looks relaxed, many things settled. 許多事情已經(jīng)處理好了， 經(jīng)理看上去很輕松。（事情已經(jīng)處理好了，用動詞-ed形式settled表示動作已經(jīng)結(jié)束）
the food being cooked, the boy was watching tv. 小孩一邊做飯，一邊看電視。（兩個動作同時進(jìn)行）
the food cooked, the boy went to bed. 飯做好了，小孩去睡了。（兩個動作有先后，飯已做好，小孩才去睡覺的
八、 with、without 引導(dǎo)的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
介詞with/without +賓語+賓語的補足語可以構(gòu)成獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，上面討論過的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的幾種情況在此結(jié)構(gòu)中都能體現(xiàn)。
a. with+名詞代詞+形容詞
he doesn’t like to sleep with the windows open.
他不喜歡開著窗子睡覺。
= he doesn’t like to sleep when the windows are open.
he stood in the rain, with his clothes wet.
他站在雨中，衣服濕透了。
= he stood in the rain, and his clothes were wet.
注意：
在“with+名詞代詞+形容詞”構(gòu)成的獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，也可用已形容詞化的-ing形式或-ed形式。
with his son so disappointing，the old man felt unhappy.
由于兒子如此令人失望,老人感到很不快樂。
with his father well-known, the boy didn’t want to study.
父親如此出名，兒子不想讀書。
b. with+名詞代詞+副詞
our school looks even more beautiful with all the lights on.
所有的燈都打開時，我們的學(xué)校看上去更美。
= our school looks even more beautiful if when all the lights are on.
the boy was walking, with his father ahead.