2019高考二輪復習英語教案 非謂語動詞和獨立主格結構
父親在前，小孩在后走著。
= the boy was walking and his father was ahead.
c. with+名詞代詞+介詞短語
he stood at the door, with a computer in his hand. 或
he stood at the door, computer in hand.
他站在門口，手里拿著一部電腦。
= he stood at the door, and a computer was in his hand.
vincent sat at the desk, with a pen in his mouth. 或
vincent sat at the desk, pen in mouth.
文森特坐在課桌前，嘴里銜著一支筆。
= vincent sat at the desk, and he had a pen in his mouth.
d. with+名詞代詞+動詞的-ed形式
with his homework done, peter went out to play.
作業做好了，彼得出去玩了。
= when his homework was done, peter went out to play.
with the signal given, the train started.
信號發出了，火車開始起動了。
= after the signal was given, the train started.
i wouldn’t dare go home without the job finished.
工作還沒完成，我不敢回家。
= i wouldn’t dare go home because the job was not finished.
e. with+名詞代詞+動詞的-ing形式
the man felt very happy with so many children sitting around him.
有這么多的孩子坐在他周圍，那男子感到很高興。
= the man felt very happy when he found so many children sitting around him.
the girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was.
小女孩把盒子藏了起來，沒有人知道它在哪里。
= the girl hid her box and no one knew where it was.
without anyone noticing, he slipped through the window. 他趁沒人注意的時候，從窗口溜走了。
= when no one was noticing, he slipped through the window.
f. with+名詞代詞+動詞不定式
the little boy looks sad, with so much homework to do.
有這么多的家庭作業要做，小男孩看上去很不開心。
= the little boy looks sad because he has so much homework to do.
the kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit.
有這么多的名勝可參觀，小孩很激動。
the kid feels excited as there are so many places of interest to visit.
提示：
在with/without 的復合結構中，多數情況下with 能省略，但without 不能省略。
without a word more spoken, she left the meeting room.
她沒再說什么話就離開了會議室。（without不能省略）
九、獨立主格結構的句法功能
獨立主格結構在句中除了能充當原因狀語、時間狀語、條件狀語和伴隨狀語外，還能作定語。在形式上，“獨立主格結構”可位于句首、句中或句尾，并通常用逗號與主句隔開。
a.作狀語
獨立主格結構作狀語，其功能相當于一個狀語從句或并列分句。
1.表示時間
night coming on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel. 夜幕降臨，我們在一家小旅館住了下來。
（= when night came on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel.）
all the guests seated, they began their dinner.
所有的客人就坐后，他們才開始吃飯。
（= when all the guests were seated, they began their dinner.）
with everything she needed bought, grace took a taxi home.