2019高考二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語教案 非謂語動詞和獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
2、 還應(yīng)該注意，分詞結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語不是總和主句的主語一致，而是主句的其他成分。語法上稱作“依著原則”；有些分詞結(jié)構(gòu)在句子上找不到它的邏輯主語，語法上稱作“懸垂分詞”。例：
⑴ looking for my watch in the room, it had taken me a long time. 在屋里找表，用了我很長時間。(依著原則)
⑵ when planting these flowers, care must be taken not to damage the root. (我們)種花時必須小心，不能碰壞花根。（懸垂分詞）
六、獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)與獨立成分的異同：
1、有的分詞短語可以獨立存在，在句子中沒有邏輯上的主語，實際上已經(jīng)成了習(xí)慣短語。這些短語有：generally speaking; frankly speaking; judging from; supposing等等。
例：
⑴ generally speaking, the rule is very easy to understand.總的來說，這個規(guī)則很容易懂。
⑵ judging from what he said, she must be an honest girl. 根據(jù)他所說的，她一定很誠實。
2、有些固定短語是帶to的不定式，表明說話人的立場和態(tài)度，在句中作獨立成分。這些短語有：to be honest; to be sure; to tell you the truth; to cut a long story short; to be frank; to make the matter worse等等。例：
⑴ to tell you the truth, what i said at the meeting was not my opinion. 說實話，我在會上說的并不是我的意見。
⑵ to make the matter worse, he locked his keys in the car. 更糟糕的是，他把鑰匙鎖在車?yán)锪?
七、非謂語動詞獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
在獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，非謂語動詞和它前面的名詞或代詞存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。
such an able man to help you，you will surely succeed sooner or later.
有這么能干的人來幫你, 你遲早一定會成功的。（such an able man和 to help you 之間存在著主謂關(guān)系）
= since such an able man will help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later.
he seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.
他在書桌旁坐好后，他母親開始給他講故事。（seating himself at the desk擁有了自己的邏輯主語he，注意是“主格”）
= when he seated himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.
the key to the bike lost, he had to walk to school.
由于丟了自行車鑰匙，他只好步行去學(xué)校。（lost 的邏輯主語是the key，lost 也可以用完成式having been lost）
= because the key to the bike had been lost, he had to walk to school.
a.不定式“獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)”
在“邏輯主語+動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，動詞不定式和它前面的名詞或代詞存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。這種結(jié)構(gòu)也可用一個從句或并列分句來表達(dá)。
1.動詞不定式用主動的形式
在獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，動詞不定式和它前面的名詞或代詞存在著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。
his mother to come tonight，he is busy preparing the dinner.
他母親今晚要來,他正在忙著準(zhǔn)備飯菜。（= as his mother is to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner.）
——will you go to the concert tonight 你今晚去聽音樂會嗎？
——sorry. so many exercise-books to check, i really can't afford any time.