2019高考二輪復習英語教案 非謂語動詞和獨立主格結構
2)過去分詞作狀語時,過去分詞表示的動作是句子主語承受的動作,它們之間的關系是被動關系。 given more attention, the trees could have grown better. 如果對這些樹多關心一些,它們本來會長得更好。 faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them. 在遇到困難的時候,我們必須設法克服。 (2)動詞不定式和分詞作狀語的區別 1)分詞作狀語一般表示伴隨,而不定式常常表示目的。 they stood by the roadside talking about the plan.他們站在路邊談論著這個計劃。(伴隨) they stood by the roadside to talk about the plan.他們站在路邊為的是談論這個計劃。(目的) 2)分詞作狀語放在句子開頭,除表示原因之外有時表示時間或條件。動詞不定式作狀語時,除了表示目的以外,還表示結果或原因。 reading attentively,he forgot the time for lunch.由于在專心讀書,他忘了吃午飯的時間。(原因) reading carefully,he found something he had not known before.他仔細讀書時,發現了一些從前不知道的東西。(時間) reading carefully,you'll learn something new.只要你仔細閱讀,你會學到一些新的東西。(條件) his family was too poor to support him.他的家庭太窮,不能維持他的生活。(結果) the boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf.這男孩個子不夠高,手伸不到書架。(結果) we are glad to hear the news.我們很高興聽到這消息。(原因) (3)下面一些句型是不定式做狀語時候應該注意的: a:not/never too…to, too…not to , but/only too… to, too ready/eager/apt/inclined to 表示肯定意義 b:做結果狀語的不定式只能出現在句子的末尾,常見的不定式動詞有:find, hear, see, be told, form, give, make, produce 等。 c:不定式做狀語時,其邏輯主語一般為句子的主語,否則用for引導主語。 6.非謂語動詞常考的其它結構 (1)疑問詞+不定式結構 疑問詞who,what,which,when,where和how后加不定式可構成一種特殊的不定式短語。它在句中可以用作主語、賓語、表語和雙重賓語。如: when to start has not been decided.何時動身尚未決定。(主語) i don't know what to do.我不知道該怎么辦。(賓語) the difficulty was how to cross the river.困難在于如何過河。(表語) i can tell you where to get this book.我可以告訴你哪里可以買到此書。(雙重賓語) 注)a.有時疑問詞前可用介詞,如: i have no idea of how to do it.我不知道如何做此事。 b.動詞know 后面不能直接跟不定式作賓語,只能跟疑問詞(如:how, what)+不定式: while still a young boy, tom knew to play the piano well and as he grew older, he wrote operas, the most famous of which is carmen. (2)介詞except和but作“只有…,只能…”講時跟不定式結構(but與不帶to的不定式連用)。 when the streets are full of melting snow, you cannot help but getting your shoes wet. (3)不帶to的不定式 1)在表示生理感覺的動詞后的不定式不帶to。這類詞有: feel 覺得 observe 注意到,看到 overhear聽到