初中英語語法-非謂語動詞教案

i heard somebody sing an english song in the next room.（表示一個完整的動作）
i hear somebody singing an english song in the next room.（表示完整動作的一個片段）
i heard an english song being sung in the next room.（表示完整動作的一個片段）
i heard an english song sung in the next room.（表示一個完整的動作）
第二類動詞一般表示“致使”，要用分詞做補足語：have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等。
the sight of the inviting melon in such a hot summer day set me watering.
在這么炎熱的夏天看到那些誘人的西瓜著實令我口水直流。
you won’t catch me doing that again. 我絕不會再做那事了。
his remarks left me wondering about his real purpose.
他的一番話禁不住讓我疑惑他的真實意圖。
the smoke started her coughing. 煙嗆得她直咳嗽。
4）動詞不定式和分詞用作狀語
根據對非謂語動詞詞性的分析，大家知道，動詞不定式和分詞同時還具有副詞的詞性特征，因此能在句子中充當狀語。
與分詞不同的是，動詞不定式在句中做狀語時，主要表示目的、結果、原因；而分詞做狀語主要表示時 間、原因、條件、讓步、結果、目的、伴隨等。
一般判別二者之間的區別使用是根據不同的標志詞來確定的，或者說用marker來確定它們。例如，動詞不定式表示目的的有in order to, so as to。表示結果的有：so … as to, such … as to, enough to, too … to等。請看例句：
he shouted so as to be noticed.（目的）
she started early in order to avoid the rushing crowds.（目的）
would you be so kind as to lend me your bike?（結果）
he is such a fool as to think that his idle chat can influence others.（結果）
the boy is old enough to look after himself.（結果）
his eyesight is too poor to read such small letter.（結果）
she wept to hear the news.（原因）
i rejoiced to hear that my son had been admitted into the famous university.（原因）
分詞的表現形式是通過懸垂結構的句意來判斷的，但是要請注意，懸垂結構中的邏輯主語一定是后面主句中的主語，檢驗的辦法就是用主句的主語很分詞結構還原成一個狀語從句。如：
① 時 間
looking up suddenly, robert saw a rainbow in the sky.
floating on water, a ship displaces an amount of water equal to its own wweight.
hearing the news that her son was rescued, she felt greatly relieved.
② 原因
not knowing how to pronounce the word “plough”, the frenchman looked up it in a dictionary.
considering the importance of the experiment, they checked the result again and again.
living in a remote village, we rarely have visitors coming.
③ 條件
this same thing, happening in the peacetime, would be a great disaster.
unless meeting with unexpected difficulties at the office today, i shall be home early tonight.
④ 讓步
granting the achievements to be great, we have no reason to be conceited.