2021年中考英語語法非謂語動詞知識復習
3現在分詞在句子中的作用
(1)作表語
the game is exciting.
這場比賽激動人心。
the meeting was boring.
這次會議非常沉悶。
it is very interesting to watch his performances.
觀看他的表演非常有意思。
巧選分詞形式
要斷分詞形，先把邏主覓；分詞作主語，邏主被修飾；狀表和主補，邏主是主語；要是作賓補，邏主為賓語，找準邏主后，再辯其關系；若為主謂間，需用現在分；要是動賓間，則用過去分。
(2)作定語
the sleeping baby is susan's.
那個睡著的孩子是蘇姍的。
the car parking under the tree is mine.
那輛停在樹底下的車是我的。(后置定語)
she said something to the man fixing her car.
她跟正在修她的車的人說了些什么。(后置定語)
(3)作狀語
①分詞動作與謂語動作同時發生：
she drove away crying.
她哭著把車開走了。
he came back to his office, hoping to find the material needed for the case.
他回到辦公室，希望能找到案子所需的材料。
not knowing that the traffic accident happened to her husband, she was waiting for him to have supper.
因為不知道她的丈夫發生了交通事故，她還在等他吃晚飯。
②分詞動作與謂語動作先后發生
現在分詞的完成式表示分詞動作在謂語動作之前發生。
having found out why, he began to repair the machine.
由于找到了原因，他開始修理這臺機器。
not having finished the homework, he had to stay up late at night .
由于沒有寫完作業，他不得不熬夜。
③用現在分詞的被動式表示“正在被……”或者“已經被……”
this is the second bridge being built across the river.
這是正在建的橫跨這條河的第二座橋。
(作定語)
having been invited, he went to germany to attend the conference .
受到邀請，他去德國出席了這次會議。 (作狀語)
注意：現在分詞短語具有替代從句的作用。
①替代定語從句的作用
students wishing to go hiking should sign their names here.
（=students who wish to go hiking should sign their names here.）
星期六要去野游的同學在這里簽名。
the free way being built will lead to xingang port.
（=the free way that (which) is being built will lead to xingang port.）
正在修建的這條高速公路將直通新港碼頭。
②替代狀語從句的作用
fearing that her boyfriend would recognize her, she stood behind a phone box.
（=because she feared that her boyfriend would recognize her, she stood behind a phone box.）
由于害怕她的男朋友會認出她來，她站在了一電話亭后面。
knowing that he couldn't solve the problem in this way, he changed his mind.
(＝because he knew that he couldn't solve the problem in this way, he changed his mind.)
因為知道用這種方法解決不了這個問題，他改變了想法。
③分詞的獨立主格結構
分詞或者分詞短語作狀語使用時，其邏輯主語一定要和句子的主語一致。如果不一致，必須 在分詞之前加上它的邏輯主語，這就是獨立主格結構。
after a little while, her eyes being full of tears, the mother came over and embraced him.