2019屆高考英語常用詞匯辨析
hurt; injure; wound; cut hurt為普通用語,既可指肉體上的傷害(可被badly, slightly, seriously等修飾),也可指精神上、感情上的傷害(被very much/rather/deeply修飾),多指傷痛。如:
i hurt my leg badly in the football match.在那場足球賽中,我的腿受了重傷。
he felt rather hurt at your words.你的話使他很難過。
injure比hurt正式,主要指意外事故中損害健康、容貌等,強(qiáng)調(diào)功能的損失。如:
a bullet injured his left eye.一顆子彈傷了他的左眼。
wound指槍傷、刀傷、刺傷等皮肉之傷,是出血的、嚴(yán)重的傷,尤其指用武器有意造成的傷口、傷疤或戰(zhàn)場上受傷。也可指人們精神上的創(chuàng)傷。如:
the thief wounded him with a knife.那小偷用刀刺傷了他。
you have wounded his pride.你傷害了他的自尊心。
cut指無意中造成的輕傷。如:
how did you get that cut on your hand﹖你手上的傷口是怎么弄的?
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identical,alike,resemble identical adj.指同一個人或物時,表示“同一的”,可以與same互換。在描寫兩個或兩個以上人或物時,表示“完全一樣的”。 alike adj.常作表語,表示在外表、性格或品質(zhì)等方面幾乎相同。 resemble v.指看起來象。
a.after the earthquake the city ___ a battle field.
b.the interests of both parties mayn ot be ____,but they do overlap considerably.
c.you and your father don’t look very much ____.
d.this gun is ____ to the one which the murderer used.
answers: a. resembled b. identical c. alike d. identical
illness;sickness;disease三者均有“病或疾病”之意。
disease 具體指身體上發(fā)生的任何不適或疾病,可引申為某種“弊端”,如:heart disease “心臟病”; disease of society“社會弊端”等。
sickness 和 illness 可指任何疾病或不適。但在英國,用法有些區(qū)別:sickness 多用來指惡心、嘔吐之類的疾病及因某種外因引出的疾病;
illness主要用于因人體內(nèi)部的虛弱或失調(diào)引起的疾病。在時間上,短時的病痛多用 sickness,較長時間的病痛多用 illness。例如:
he suffered from mountain sickness. 他患有高山病。
the child has suffered from illness for two years. 這孩子已經(jīng)病了兩年了。
rough seas caused much sickness among the passengers. 洶涌的海浪使許多乘客感到惡心。
increase(decrease)…by;increase(decrease)…to 與increase,decrease搭配時,by表示數(shù)量增加或減少的幅度,即在原有的基礎(chǔ)上“增加或減少了多少”;to則表示“增加或減少到多少”。試比較: