2019屆高考英語常用詞匯辨析
put; place; lay 三個(gè)詞都能作“放”解,細(xì)微的差別在于: put常指把某物弄到某個(gè)地方,并把它留在那里。如:
please put the umbrella behind the door.請(qǐng)把傘放在門后。
place主要指把東西放在一定的位置上。如:
she placed the table in the middle of the room.她把桌子放在房間的中央。
lay常指把某物平放在某處。如:
she laid the table for lunch.她擺好桌子準(zhǔn)備吃飯。
*注意下面幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞的詞形、詞性及意義的區(qū)別。如: lie (vi).-lied-lied-lying 撒謊。如:
he has lied since his childhood.他從小就一直撒謊。
lie(vi.) lay-lain-lying 躺;位于。如:
he lay on the floor, reading a book.他躺在地板上看書。
lay (vt.) laid-laid-laying 放;擱。如:
he laid the book on the table.他把書放在桌子上。
q
quiet; silent; still quiet意為“安靜的、寂靜的”。用于自然環(huán)境,指沒有活動(dòng)、喧鬧的寂靜狀態(tài);指人時(shí),表示生性安靜、不易激動(dòng)。如:
be quiet.your father is sleeping now.安靜點(diǎn),你爸爸正在睡覺呢。
jane was a quiet girl.簡是個(gè)天性好靜的女孩。
silent意為“寂靜的、沉默的”,表示不說話、不弄出聲響,但不一定指沒有活動(dòng)。如:
he always keeps silent when the teacher questions him. 老師向他提問時(shí),他總是保持沉默。
the class was silent as the teacher explained the exam rules. 當(dāng)老師解釋考規(guī)時(shí)教室里寂靜無聲。
still意為“安靜的、不動(dòng)的”,不指心理狀態(tài),而指環(huán)境和人表面上無動(dòng)作的平靜狀態(tài)。如:
stand still while i take your photo.站著別動(dòng),我給你拍照。
r
raise; keep; support; feed 這四個(gè)詞都有“撫養(yǎng)”、“養(yǎng)家”、“贍養(yǎng)”的意思,但也有區(qū)別。
raise意為“撫養(yǎng)(指人);飼養(yǎng)(指動(dòng)物或禽畜)”之意。如:
he raised the children himself;his wife died years ago.
他的妻子多年以前就去世了,他一手把孩子拉扯大。
he raised those goats from new-born kids.那些羊從小羊羔時(shí)就是他喂養(yǎng)的。
keep表示“養(yǎng)活(指人);飼養(yǎng)(指動(dòng)物或禽畜)”。如:
john has his wife and six children to keep(support).約翰要養(yǎng)活妻子和六個(gè)孩子。
they kept some hens and pigs.他們養(yǎng)了一些雞和豬。
support意為“養(yǎng)活”,不用于飼養(yǎng)動(dòng)物。如:
she supports her old mother.她贍養(yǎng)老母親。
he has a large family to support.他要養(yǎng)活一大家子。
feed意為“喂養(yǎng);飼養(yǎng);以……為食”。如:
have you fed the baby/cow yet?嬰兒/牛喂了嗎?
she fed meat to her dog. =she fed her dog with/on meat.她用肉喂狗。
foxes feed on small animals.狐貍以小動(dòng)物為食。
rather than/would rather(…than) rather than是連詞,前后兩端所連的詞性是一致的,通常譯為“而不是”或“與其說是……不如說是”,有時(shí)可用短語介詞instead of替代。例如: he was writing a letter rather than=(instead of)reading the newspaper.他那時(shí)正在寫信而不在看報(bào)紙。 john should go rather than=(instead of)jean.應(yīng)該去的是約翰,而不是簡。 these shoes are comfortable rather than pretty.這些鞋子談不上漂亮,但穿起來倒很舒服。 evans is a doctor rather than a teacher.與其說埃文斯是個(gè)老師,不如說是個(gè)醫(yī)生。 would rather表示選擇或主觀上的愿望,其中的would亦可理解為had。它表示“寧愿、寧可”的意思。如果要把取舍的雙方都表達(dá)出來,則應(yīng)該用would(or:had)rather…than,表示“寧愿……也不……”的意思。例如: my aunt invited me to the film, but i said i'd rather go on a picnic with the girls. 我的姑媽邀請(qǐng)我去看電影,可是我說我倒愿意跟女孩子們一起去野餐。 i am sure they would(or:had)rather die than give up.我深信他們一定會(huì)寧死不屈。