2020屆高考英語二輪 非謂語動詞教案
(4)作賓語補足語,如:tell the children not to play on the street. 如果句中的謂語動詞為see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等,作賓語補足語的動詞不定式須將to省去,如:i saw a little girl run across the street.
(5)動詞不定式在句中作賓語,如帶有賓語補足語時,須先用it作形式賓語,而將該動詞不定式后置,如:i don’t think it right to do it that way.
(6)作定語:動詞不定式作定語時,須位于被其修飾的名詞或代詞之后,如:is this the best way to help him? 和定語用的動詞不定式如果是不及物動詞,不定式后面就要用必要的介詞,如:he is the man to depend on. 如果被不定式修飾的名詞為place, time, way,不定式后面的介詞,習慣上可以省去,如:the old man is looking for a quiet place to live.
(7)作狀語:動詞不定式可以作下列的狀語:① 目的狀語: every morning he gets up very early to read english. 為了強調不定式表示目的的作用,可在不定式前加in order to或so as to(以便或為了),但應注意in order to位于句首或句中均可,而so as to不能位于句首,如:she reads china daily every day in order to (so as to) improve her english. 將表示目的的不定式置于句首,也可強調目的的作用,如:to master a foreign language, one must work hard at it. ② 結果狀語:they lived to see the liberation of their home town.他們活到親眼見到了他們家鄉的解放。③ too + 形容詞或副詞 + 動詞不定式,表示“足能…”的結果,如:you are old enough to take care of yourself now.
3. 復合結構不定式:由for + 名詞(或代詞賓格)+ 動詞不定式即構成復合結構的動詞不定式。其中for本身無意義。for后面的名詞或代詞是不定式的邏輯主語,這種不定式在句中可作主語、表語、賓語、定語或狀語,如:it is very important for us to get everything ready for the harvest. 當作表語用的形容詞表示不定式的邏輯主語的性質或特征時,就用介詞of而不用for引出不定式的邏輯主語,這些形容詞一般有good, nice, kind, wise, silly, stupid, foolish, right, wrong, careless, impolite等,如:it is very kind of you to help him every day.
4. 疑問詞 + 動詞不定式:疑問代詞和疑問副詞后可加動詞不定式構成不定式短語,在句中可作主語、表語或賓語,如:how to prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem.
5. 動詞不定式的否定式:動詞不定式的否定式是由not + 動詞不定式構成,如:it’s wrong of you not to attend the meeting.
6. 動詞不定式的時態形式所表示的時間關系:(1)一般式:動詞不定式一般式所表示的動作是和謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發生,但在多數情況下,是在謂語動詞所表示的動作之后發生,如:we decided to plant more trees this spring.(其后),they often watch us play table tennis.(同時);(2)完成式:動詞不定式完成式所表示的動作發生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前,如:i am sorryto have kept you waiting.(3)進行式:動詞不定式進行式所表示的動作正在進行中,而且與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發生,如:she happened to be writing a letter in the room when i came in.