2020屆高考英語二輪 非謂語動詞教案
7. 動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)用法:如果動詞不定式的邏輯主語為這個不定式所表示的動作的承受者時,不定式一般就用被動語態(tài)形式,如:what is to be done next hasn’t been decided yet.
(二)動詞-ing形式:動詞的-ing形式也是一種非謂語動詞。-ing形式仍保留有動詞的特征,可以帶有其所需要的賓語或狀語而構(gòu)成-ing短語。
1. -ing的形式:-ing有一般式和完成式。及物動詞的-ing還有主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài),而不及物動詞的-ing則沒有被動語態(tài)。現(xiàn)在以及物動詞make 和不及物動詞go為例,將其-ing各種形式列表如下:
動詞 語態(tài)
形式 及物動詞make 不及物動詞go
主動語態(tài) 被動語態(tài) 主動語態(tài)
一般式 making being made going
完成式 having made having been made having gone
2. -ing形式的基本用法。
(1)作主語:seeing is believing.百聞不如一見。talking is easier than doing. –ing作主語時,如果其結(jié)構(gòu)較長,可用it作形式主語,而將作主語的-ing后置。如:it isn’t much good writing to them again. it’s no use waiting here.
(2)作表語:her job is washing and cooking. my hobby is collecting stamps.
(3)作賓語:① 作及物動詞的賓語。she likes drawing very much;② 作某些短語動詞的賓語。 mary is thinking of going back to new york;③ do+限定詞(my, some, any, the等)+ -ing,表示“做…事”之意,如:we often do our cleaning on saturday afternoon. will you do any shopping on saturday this afternoon? ④ 作介詞的賓語:her sister is good at learning physics;⑤ 作形容詞worth, busy等的賓語:this book is well worth reading. –ing作賓語帶有賓語補足語時,要用it作為形式賓語,而將作賓語的-ing后置,如:we found it no good talking like that. do you think it necessary trying again?
(4)作定語:the sleeping child is only five years old. do you know the man standing at the gate? 注:-ing形式作定語用時,如果-ing只是一個單詞,就位于其修飾的名詞之前,如果是-ing短語,就位于其修飾的名詞之后,-ing作定語時,被-ing所修飾的名詞就是該-ing的邏輯主語。另外,-ing作定語用時,其動作和句子謂語動詞所表示的動作是同時進行的,如果不是同時進行的,就不能用-ing作定語,要使用定語從句,如:the girl who wrote a letter there yesterday can speak english very well.
(5)作賓語補足語:we can see steam rising from the wet clothes. 注:當(dāng)-ing在復(fù)合賓語中作賓語補足語用時,句中賓語就是這個-ing的邏輯主語,可以帶有這種復(fù)合賓語的動詞有see, watch, hear, observe, feel, find, have, keep等。
(6)作狀語:① 時間狀語:seeing tom, i couldn’t help thinking of his brother. 分詞在句中作時間狀語時,其前一般可加when或while,如:when crossing street, you must be careful. ② 原因狀語:being ill, he didn’t go to school yesterday. ③ 方式或伴隨狀語:mary stood at the school gate waiting for betty.