2020屆高考英語非謂語動詞全盤攻略
6) 疑問詞+動詞不定式:
不定式和疑問詞whether, what, which, whom, where, when, how, why等連用可以在句中起名詞的作用,通常跟在tell, know, show, decide, learn, wonder, explain, advise, teach, discuss, find out等動詞后面作賓語,有時也可以充當主語、表語等。如:
on hearing the news, he didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry.
聽到這個消息,他不知道該哭還是該笑。
when to hold the meeting has not decided. 什么時候開會還沒有決定。
the most important problem is how to get so much money.
最重要的事情是如何搞到這么多錢。
介詞后一般不直接接不定式,但可以接疑問詞+不定式短語作賓語。如:
mary gave some advice on how to learn english. 瑪麗提了一些如何學習英語的建議。
i have no idea of how to do it. 我不知道該怎么做。
但是but和except后面可以跟不定式。如:
he did nothing but wander on the street. 他除了在街上閑逛外,沒有做什么。
i have no choice but to wait. 我除了等待以外別無其他選擇。
7) 不定式的被動式:
當不定式邏輯上的主語是這個不定式所表示的動作的承受者時,不定式一般要用被動形式,to be +過去分詞和to have been +過去分詞。這些形式可以用來作主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補語。如:
it’s a good thing for him to have been scolded by the teacher.
對他來說,被老師責備是一件好事。
they seemed to be satisfied with the result. 他們似乎對結果很滿意。
he asked to be sent to work in the countryside. 他要求被派往農村工作。
she was the last person to have been mentioned at the meeting.
她是會上最后一個被提到的人。
i had to shout to be heard. 我不得不大喊才能被聽到。
we don’t like our friends to be laughed at from time to time.
我們不喜歡我們的朋友不時地被嘲笑。
2. 不定式的語法作用
1) 不定式作主語:
to see once is better than to hear a hundred times. 百聞不如一見。
to master a foreign language is not an easy thing. 掌握一門外語不是一件容易的事。
在很多情況下,人們通常用it作為形式上的主語,而把不定式短語移到謂語之后,使句子顯得平穩一些。如:
it’s good manners to wait in line. 排隊等候是很有禮貌的。
it made us very angry to hear him speak to his mother like that.