高中2019屆英語語法專題講義 冠詞
第十講 句子類型【要點提示】一.簡單句的五種基本句型1、主語+系動詞+表語：e.g. he is a student.2、主語+不及物動詞： e.g. we work.3、主語+及物動詞+賓語：e.g. henry bought a dictionary.4、主語+及物動詞+雙賓語（間接賓語+直接賓語）：e.g. my father bought me a car.5、主語+及物動詞+復(fù)合賓語（賓語+賓補）：e.g. tom made the baby laugh.注：其他各種句子都可由這一種基本句型擴(kuò)展、變化或省略而構(gòu)成。雙賓語：有些英語動詞可以接雙賓語，句式為： subject + vt. + sb.(間接賓語)+ sth.（直接賓語） 英語中，能接雙賓語的常用動詞有：ask、promise、cause、play、leave、make、do、bring、buy、reach、order、teach、offer、serve、show、tell、wish…. 。 e.g. can i ask you a question, sir? she made me a model ship for my birthday. 注：帶雙賓語的句子可以被改為 subject + vt. + sth(直接賓語)+ 介詞 + sb. 的形式。 其中的介詞，常用的有：to、 for、 of ….。歸納如下：hand owe pay post promise read return send show teach…sth. to sb.boil buy draw choose earn find gather order save sing … sth. for sb.ask request demand sth.of / from sb. 另還有：play a joke / trick on sb ; play a game with / against sb. e.g. excuse me, you demand too much from / of me. may i ask a question of you?另外 句型：subject + link-v. + n. / adj. 在該句型中的系動詞有特定含義，有“人稱、數(shù)、時態(tài)”等形式變化。常用的有： 顯得：look , appear , seem 變得：become , come , fall , get , go , grow , run , turn 持續(xù)是：continue , keep , remain , stand , stay 聽（聞、嘗、摸）起來：sound, smell, taste, feel 證明是：prove e.g. his words proved right. the dish smells wonderful.二、感嘆句：感嘆句有兩個基本句式句式： 1）what + n. phrase + subject + be / v. ! 這里的名詞短語有以下三種可能：a、 a / an + adj. + 名詞單數(shù) b、adj. + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) c、adj. + 不可數(shù)名詞e.g. what a lovely boy he is! what sweet flowers they are! what cold weather it is! 2) how + adj. + the + n.(單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)、不可數(shù))+ subject + be / link-v.