高中2019屆英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題講義 冠詞
can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她在隔壁唱歌嗎？he kept the car waiting at the gate. 他讓小汽車(chē)在門(mén)口等著。4）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)：a）作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：(while) working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. 在工廠工作時(shí)，他是一名先進(jìn)工人。b）作原因狀語(yǔ)：being a league member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青團(tuán)員，他經(jīng)常幫助他人。c）作方式狀語(yǔ)，表示伴隨：he stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里，又擦又洗。d）作條件狀語(yǔ)：(if) playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. 要是整天玩，你就會(huì)浪費(fèi)寶貴的時(shí)間。e）作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)：he dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了，結(jié)果摔得粉碎。f）作目的狀語(yǔ)：he went swimming the other day. 幾天前他去游泳了。g）作讓步狀語(yǔ)：though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. 雖然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。h）與邏輯主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格：i waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head. 我等汽車(chē)時(shí)，一只鳥(niǎo)落到我頭上。all the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. 所有的票已經(jīng)賣(mài)光了，他們失望地離開(kāi)了。time permitting, we’ll do another two exercises. 如果時(shí)間允許，我們將做另兩個(gè)練習(xí)。有時(shí)也可用with (without) +名詞（代詞賓格）+分詞形式with the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他點(diǎn)著燈睡著了。h）作獨(dú)立成分：judging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor. 從外表看，他一定是個(gè)演員。generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般說(shuō)來(lái)，女孩子更細(xì)心。（四）過(guò)去分詞：過(guò)去分詞只有一種形式：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞由動(dòng)詞原形加詞尾-ed構(gòu)成。不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞沒(méi)有統(tǒng)一的規(guī)則要求，要一一記住。過(guò)去分詞的句法功能：1、過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)：our class went on an organized trip last monday. 上周一我們班開(kāi)展了一次有組織的旅行。those elected as committee members will attend the meeting. 當(dāng)選為委員的人將出席這次會(huì)。注意當(dāng)過(guò)去分詞是單詞時(shí)，一般用于名詞前，如果是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)，就放在名詞的后面。過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的定語(yǔ)從句。2、過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)：the window is broken. 窗戶(hù)破了。the were frightened at the sad sight. 他們對(duì)眼前悲慘的景象感到很害怕。注意be + 過(guò)去分詞，如果表示狀態(tài)是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，如果表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。區(qū)別：the window is broken.（系表）the window was broken by the boy.（被動(dòng)）有些過(guò)去分詞是不及物動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的，不表示被動(dòng)，只表示完成。如：boiled water（開(kāi)水） fallen leaves（落葉）newly arrived goods（新到的貨） the risen sun（升起的太陽(yáng)）the changed world（變了的世界）