高中2019屆英語語法專題講義 冠詞
a）動賓關系：i have a meeting to attend.注意：不定式為不及物動詞時，所修飾的名詞如果是地點、工具等，應有必要的介詞，如：he found a good house to live in.the child has nothing to worry about.what did you open it with?如果不定式所修飾名詞是不定式動作承受者，不定式可用主動式也可用被動式：have you got anything to sent?have you got anything to be sent?b）說明所修飾名詞的內容：we have made a plan to finish the work.c）被修飾名詞是不定式邏輯主語：he is the first to get here.6）作狀語：a）表目的：he worked day and night to get the money.she sold her hair to buy the watch chain.注意不定式放句首時，邏輯主語與句子主語要一致：wrong：to save money, every means has been tried.right: to save money, he has tried every means.wrong：to learn english well, a dictionary is needed.right: to learn english well, he needs a dictionary.b）表結果：he arrived late to find the train gone.常用only放在不定式前表示強調：i visited him only to find him out.c）表原因：they were very sad to hear the news.d）表程度：it’s too dark for us to see anything.the question is simple for him to answer.7）作獨立成分：to tell you the truth, i don’t like the way he talked.8）不定式的省略：保留to省略do動詞。if you don’t want to do it, you don’t need to.9）不定式的并列：第二個不定式可省略to。he wished to study medicine and become a doctor.
（二）動名詞：動名詞既具有動詞的一些特征，又具有名詞的句法功能。1、動名詞的形式： 語 態 式
主動語態
被動語態
一般式
doing
being done
完成式
having done
having been done否定式：not + 動名詞1）否定式：not + 動名詞i regret not following his advice. 我后悔沒聽他的勸告。2）復合結構：物主代詞（或名詞所有格）+ 動名詞he suggested our trying it once again. 他建議我們再試一次。his not knowing english troubled him a lot. 他不懂英語給他帶來許多麻煩。2、動名詞的句法功能：1）作主語：reading aloud is very helpful. 朗讀是很有好處的。collecting stamps is interesting. 集郵很有趣。當動名詞短語作主語時常用it作形式主語。it’s no use quarrelling. 爭吵是沒用的。2）作表語：in the ant city, the queen’s job is laying eggs. 在螞蟻王國，蟻后的工作是產卵。3）作賓語：they haven’t finished building the dam. 他們還沒有建好大壩。we have to prevent the air from being polluted. 我們必須阻止空氣被污染。注意動名詞既可作動詞賓語也可作介詞賓語，如上面兩個例句。此外，動名詞作賓語時，若跟有賓語補足語，則常用形式賓語it，例如：we found it no good making fun of others. 我們發現取笑他人不好。要記住如下動詞及短語只跟動名詞作賓語：