高中2019屆英語語法專題講義 冠詞
2.注意have been to與have gone to的區別；4.by+過去時間狀語用過去完成時；5.有些動詞的過去完成時表示過去未曾實現的意圖、打算或希望，這類動詞為：think, plan, mean, intend, hope, expect, suppose等；i had intended to visit you yesterday, but the rain prevented me.（六） 現在/過去完成進行時的用法：強調動作延續到說話時且還在進行；結構：have (has) / had been doing比較：they have repaired the road.(表示路已修好)they have been repairing the road. （表示路還在修）有時兩者可替換：she has taught in this middle school for ten years. she has been teaching in this school for ten years.注意：完成進行時不可與瞬間性動詞連用，如：finish, go, marry等；（七） 某些固定句型中時態是固定的：1.this / that / it is the first time +從句（用現在完成時）2.it’s / has been +一段時間+since從句（用過去時）3.it will be +一段時間+before從句（用一般現在時）/ it was +一段時間+before從句（用過去時）4. it’s time+從句（用過去時或should do）5.would rather+從句（用一般過去時/過去完成時）it’s getting late. i’d rather you took a taxi there.the film was boring. i’d rather i hadn’t gone to see it.二、語態語態概述英語的語態是通過動詞形式的變化表現出來的。英語中有兩種語態：主動語態和被動語態。主動語態表示主語是動作的執行者。巧記為：主動、主動、主去動。例如：many people speak english. 謂語：speak的動作是由主語many people來執行的。被動語態表示主語是動作的承受者，即行為動作的對象。巧記為：被動、被動、主被動。例如：english is spoken by many people.主語english是動詞speak的承受者。 主動態和被動態指的是動詞形式，是詞法概念；而主動句和被動句則指的是句子結構，從而是句法概念。所謂主動句就是由主動態動詞(詞組)作謂語動詞的句子，而被動句則是由被動態動詞(詞組)作謂語動詞的句子。例如：he opened the door.他開了門。(主動句) the door was opened.門被開了。(被動句)被動語態的構成 被動語態由“助動詞be＋及物動詞的過去分詞”構成。人稱、數和時態的變化是通過be的變化表現出來的。現以teach為例說明被動語態在各種時態中的構成。一般現在時：am/is/are＋taught一般過去時：was/were＋taught一般將來時：will/shall be＋taught現在進行時：am/is/are being＋taught過去進行時：have/has been＋taught現在完成時：have/has been＋taught特殊用法：1.動詞sell, write, read, open, lock, shut, wear, wash, keep, cook, cut, burn, run等與well, smoothly, easily等連用時，說明主語內在的“性能”“特點”，用主動代替被動；
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