高中2019屆英語語法專題講義 冠詞
28----14. there is much chance bill will recover from his injury in time for the race. (天津)a. that b. which c. until d. if第十二講 非謂語動詞概述:在英語中,不作句子謂語,而具有除謂語外其他語法功能的動詞,叫做非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞有三種形式:動詞不定式、分詞、動名詞
(一)動詞不定式動詞不定式:(to)+do,具有名詞、形容詞、副詞的特征。1、不定式的形式:
主 動
被 動
一般式
to write
to be written
進行式
to be writing
/
完成式
to have written
to have been written否定式:not + (to) do1)進行式:不定式的進行式所表示的動作與謂語動詞動作同時發生,例如:the boy pretended to be working hard.he seems to be reading in his room.2)完成式:不定式的完成式表示的動作發生在謂語動詞動作之前,例如:i regretted to have told a lie.i happened to have seen the film.he is pleased to have met his friend.2、不定式的句法功能:1)作主語:to finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.to lose your heart means failure.動詞不定式短語作主語時,常用形式主語it作形式主語,例如上面兩句可用如下形式:it is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.it means failure to lose your heart.2)作表語:
her job is to clean the hall.he appears to have caught a cold.3)作賓語:常與不定式做賓語連用的動詞有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式(賓語)后面有賓語補足語,則用it作形式賓語,真正的賓語(不定式)后置,放在賓語補足語后面,例如:marx found it important to study the situation in russia.
動詞不定式也可充當介詞賓語,如:i have no choice but to stay here.he did nothing last sunday but repair his bike.動詞不定式前有時可與疑問詞連用,如:he gave us some advice on how to learn english. 4)作賓語補足語:在復合賓語中,動詞不定式可充當賓語補足語,如下動詞常跟這種復合賓語: want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.此外,介詞有時也與這種復合賓語連用,如:with a lot of work to do, he didn’t go to the cinema. 有些動詞如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等與不帶有to的不定式連用,但改為被動語態時,不定式要加to, 如:i saw him cross the road.he was seen to cross the road.5)作定語:動詞不定式作定語,放在所修飾的名詞或代詞后。與所修飾名詞有如下關系: