高中2019屆英語語法專題講義 冠詞
enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid(避免), excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit(承認(rèn)),deny(否認(rèn)), mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk(冒險(xiǎn)), appreciate(感激), be busy, be worth, feel like, can’t stand, can’t help, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from),keep …from,stop…(from),protect…from,set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like4)作定語:he can’t walk without a walking-stick. 他沒有拐杖不能走路。is there a swimming pool in your school. 你們學(xué)校有游泳池嗎?5)作同位語:the cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那個(gè)山洞,他藏身的地方很秘密。his habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged. 他收聽收音機(jī)新聞節(jié)目的習(xí)慣仍未改變。
(三)現(xiàn)在分詞:現(xiàn)在分詞既具有動(dòng)詞的一些特征,又具有形容詞和副詞的句法功能。1、現(xiàn)在分詞的形式:
現(xiàn)在
及 物 動(dòng) 詞 write(與動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)一樣)
不及物動(dòng)詞go(無被動(dòng))
分詞
主動(dòng)語態(tài)
被動(dòng)語態(tài)
主動(dòng)語態(tài)
一般式
writing
being written
going
完成式
having written
having been written
having gone否定式:not + 現(xiàn)在分詞1)現(xiàn)在分詞的主動(dòng)語態(tài):現(xiàn)在分詞主動(dòng)語態(tài)的一般式表示與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,完成式表示的動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生,常作狀語。例如:they went to the park, singing and talking. 他們邊唱邊說向公園走去。having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作業(yè),他開始打蘭球。2)現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài):一般式表示與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作,完成式表示發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。the problem being discussed is very important. 正在被討論的問題很重要。having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake. 被告訴了好幾遍,這個(gè)淘氣的孩子又犯了同一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。2、現(xiàn)在分詞的句法功能:1)作定語:現(xiàn)在分詞作定語,當(dāng)分詞單獨(dú)做定語時(shí),放在所修飾的名詞前,如果是分詞短語做定語放在名詞后。in the following years he worked even harder. 在后來的幾年中,他學(xué)習(xí)更努力了。the man speaking to the teacher is our monitor’s father. 正與老師談話的人是我們班長的父親,F(xiàn)在分詞作定語相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句的句法功能,如:in the following years也可用in the years that followed, the man speaking 可改為the man who is speaking. 2)現(xiàn)在分詞作表語:the film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在這家上演的電影很棒。the present situation is inspiring. 當(dāng)前的形勢鼓舞人心。be + doing既可能表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),也可能是現(xiàn)在分詞做表語,它們的區(qū)別在于be + doing表示進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作是進(jìn)行時(shí),而表示特征時(shí)是系動(dòng)詞be與現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。3)作賓語補(bǔ)足語:如下動(dòng)詞后可跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語:see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。例如: