2018年高考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)筆記
plenty of 意思是“大量的，充足的”，后面既可接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，也可接不可數(shù)名詞，但僅限于肯定句。相應(yīng)的疑問(wèn)句和否定句分別用enough, many 或 much等。例如：there are plenty of eggs in the basket. 籃子里有許多雞蛋。“do you have enough books for each of us? 你們有足夠的書供我們看嗎？”“no, we have not many. 我們沒(méi)有太多的書。” we have plenty of money. 我們有很多錢。they have not much food now. 他們現(xiàn)在的食物不多了。又：plenty 也可作名詞：plenty has been said on how to learn english well.
全部否定可以用none, no, neither, never等詞來(lái)表示，如： none of us likes volleyball. 我們都不喜歡排球。部分否定用not與all, both, every, everyone, everywhere, everything, always等連用，not只能否定句子中的一部分。意思是“并非全部…，并不是所有的…”，如：not every student likes volleyball. 不是每一個(gè)都學(xué)生都喜歡排球（對(duì)比：none of the students likes volleyball）。not all factories here produce noise. 這兒并不是所有的工廠都發(fā)出噪音。 not all english people like fish and chips. 不是所有的英國(guó)人都喜歡吃炸魚和土豆片。注意：not all 和no... 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別。前者的意思是“并不是所有的...”(表示部分否定)，后者的意思是“所有的...都不”(表示全部否定)。試比較：not all birds can fly. 不是所有的鳥都能飛。 no birds can fly. 所有的鳥都不能飛。 ★
spend ①spend…on sth 在…用錢或時(shí)間：i spent half my money on books. 我一半的錢都用來(lái)買書。he doesn’t spend much time on his lessons. 他花在功課上的時(shí)間不多。②spend …(in) doing sth 花時(shí)間在…：he spent his whole life in looking after the poor. 他一生都用來(lái)照顧窮人。i spent nearly two hours working on this maths problem. 我在這條數(shù)學(xué)題上花了近兩個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間。③度過(guò)：he usually likes to spend his sunday with me. ★
certain 某個(gè)，某些，既可修飾單數(shù)名詞又可修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞：a certain person called on me yesterday. 昨天某個(gè)人拜訪了我。certain parts of the car will be supplied by other companies. 某些汽車部件將由其他公司提供。some 有時(shí)也可當(dāng)“某個(gè)”講，只能修飾單數(shù)名詞，而且some前面也不用a（注意：certain修飾單數(shù)名詞時(shí)，前面必須加a），如：some person (=a certain person) called on me yesterday. 又：certain還解釋“肯定；確信”：he is certain (= sure) to come. / it is certain (不可用sure) that two and two make four.
notice ①注意到 v. did you notice the thief leave/leaving the house? (notice sb do sth 與see、watch等詞一樣，notice后接不帶to的不定式) ②注意 n.. no one took any notice of what he said. 沒(méi)有人注意到他所說(shuō)的話。③布告；通知 n. he put up a notice on the wall. 他在墻上張貼了一份通知。
begin with 以…開始：the meeting began with the national anthem. 會(huì)議以國(guó)歌開始。對(duì)比：we shall begin this lesson tomorrow morning. 明天早晨我們開始上這一課。we shall begin with this lesson tomorrow morning. 明天早晨我們先上這一課。又：to begin with, we must believe in ourselves. 首先，我們要相信自己。