2018年高考英語復習筆記
1. it is believed that before writing was developed, people in china used to keep records by putting a number of stones together. 人們已經確信，在書寫技術出現之前，中國人就常把若干石頭放在一起記事。
“it is believed + that從句”相當于people believed that，可譯為“據信”“有人相信”“人們認為”等。類似的說法還有：it is said that 據說，聽說；it is reported that 據報道；有人報道；it is suggested that 有人建議。例如：it is said that he is going abroad next month.據說他下個月要出國。it is known to all that the earth is not flat, but round.大家都知道，地球不是平的，而是圓的。
2. the problem was that it was too valuable for everyday use. 問題是這種絲作為日常之用太貴重了。由連詞 that 引導的從句在句中作表語，叫做表語從句。例如：the fact is that i don't know about it at all. 事實是我對此一無所知。the reason why he was late was that he had got to send his mother to hospital. 他遲到的理由是他必須送他媽媽上醫院。my idea is that they should keep records of what they have done. 我的想法是他們應把所做的事記載下來。
1. in the beginning they used to carve chinese characters on stones to record important dates in history. 開始時，他們常把漢字刻在石頭上，記載歷史上重要的日期。詞組in the beginning 相當于at first 起初，在開始時：you will find it rather difficult in the beginning. 開頭你會覺得有點難。
2. but later, people developed a way of printing, using rocks. 但后來，人們利用石頭，研制了一種印刷方法。現在分詞短語using rocks在句中作狀語，表示方式。這種短語也可作伴隨狀語。如：he stood at the gate, waiting for his friend from abroad. 他站在大門口，等著他從國外回來的朋友。he often takes exercises in the morning, walking, running and playing basketball.他常在早晨鍛煉，散步，跑步，打籃球等。
3. they put a piece of wet paper on top of the characters and beat it lightly. 他們再把一張潮濕的紙放在字的上面，并輕輕地拍打。注意冠詞on top of… 和 at the top of …，如：i put your bag on top of mine. 我把你的包放在我的上面。she stood at the top of the mountain. 她站在山頂上。
4. what was the problem with this method? 這種方法有什么毛病嗎？注意介詞 with：we’ve got a problem with the car — it won’t start! 我們的汽車出故障了 — 發動不起來了！
5. after you printed the book, you had to throw away the carved pieces of wood. 你把書印出后，不得不把刻過的一片片木板扔掉。 carved pieces of wood 刻過的木板。carved是過去分詞，作定語修飾名詞，強調時間上的完成和動作上的被動。如：fallen leaves 落葉(已經在地上)；spoken english 英語口語（被人們說的）；developed country 發達國家
6. paper was one of the most important inventions in the whole of chinese history. 在整個中國歷史中，紙是最重要的發明之一。whole 名詞“整體、全部”：the different parts were joined to form a whole. we have not heard the whole of the story yet. 形容詞“整個的、全部的”：the whole city was destroyed in the earthquake. it rained for three whole days.