2018年高考英語復習筆記
全部否定可以用none, no, neither, never等詞來表示，如： none of us likes volleyball. 我們都不喜歡排球。部分否定用not與all, both, every, everyone, everywhere, everything, always等連用，not只能否定句子中的一部分。意思是“并非全部…，并不是所有的…”，如：not every student likes volleyball. 不是每一個都學生都喜歡排球（對比：none of the students likes volleyball）。not all factories here produce noise. 這兒并不是所有的工廠都發出噪音。 not all english people like fish and chips. 不是所有的英國人都喜歡吃炸魚和土豆片。注意：not all 和no... 作主語時的區別。前者的意思是“并不是所有的...”(表示部分否定)，后者的意思是“所有的...都不”(表示全部否定)。試比較：not all birds can fly. 不是所有的鳥都能飛。 no birds can fly. 所有的鳥都不能飛。 ★
spend ①spend…on sth 在…用錢或時間：i spent half my money on books. 我一半的錢都用來買書。he doesn’t spend much time on his lessons. 他花在功課上的時間不多。②spend …(in) doing sth 花時間在…：he spent his whole life in looking after the poor. 他一生都用來照顧窮人。i spent nearly two hours working on this maths problem. 我在這條數學題上花了近兩個小時的時間。③度過：he usually likes to spend his sunday with me. ★
certain 某個，某些，既可修飾單數名詞又可修飾復數名詞：a certain person called on me yesterday. 昨天某個人拜訪了我。certain parts of the car will be supplied by other companies. 某些汽車部件將由其他公司提供。some 有時也可當“某個”講，只能修飾單數名詞，而且some前面也不用a（注意：certain修飾單數名詞時，前面必須加a），如：some person (=a certain person) called on me yesterday. 又：certain還解釋“肯定；確信”：he is certain (= sure) to come. / it is certain (不可用sure) that two and two make four.
notice ①注意到 v. did you notice the thief leave/leaving the house? (notice sb do sth 與see、watch等詞一樣，notice后接不帶to的不定式) ②注意 n.. no one took any notice of what he said. 沒有人注意到他所說的話。③布告；通知 n. he put up a notice on the wall. 他在墻上張貼了一份通知。
begin with 以…開始：the meeting began with the national anthem. 會議以國歌開始。對比：we shall begin this lesson tomorrow morning. 明天早晨我們開始上這一課。we shall begin with this lesson tomorrow morning. 明天早晨我們先上這一課。又：to begin with, we must believe in ourselves. 首先，我們要相信自己。
grammar
一般將來時的被動語態：
結構：will + be/get + 及物動詞的過去分詞
如果主語是第一人稱，可用shall代替will, 否定式是在will/shall后加上not, 疑問句式則將will /shall提前置于句首。例如：i shall be punished for being late this morning. 我今早遲到了，將要受處罰。the desk won't be repaired until this weekend. 這張桌子到周末才能修理。you will get caught in the rain if you don’t take an umbrella. 如果你不帶傘的話，你會遭雨淋的。又：a bridge is going to be built in my hometown. ★