備戰2020中考英語總復習資料

8. 單復同形的名詞有：fish, sheep,deer…
9. 單數形式但其意為復數的名詞有:people,police等。�ッ�詞還有格的變化，其主格可作主語，賓格可作賓語。還有所有格，用來表示人或物的所有，以及領屬關系。表示有生命的名詞的所有格其單數形式是加's其復數形式是s'，如其結尾不是s的復數形式仍加's，如：a student's room, students' rooms, children's day.在表示時間、距離、世界、國家……名詞的所有格要用's，如：a twenty minutes' walk.但無生命名詞的所有格則必須用of結構，如：the capital of our country, the colour of the flowers
(二) 正誤辨析
［誤］please give me a paper.
［正］please give me a piece of paper.
［析］不要認為可以數的名詞就是可數名詞，這種原因是對英語中可數與不可數名詞的概念與中文中的能數與不能數相混淆了，所以造成了這樣的錯誤，因paper在英語中是屬于物質名詞一類，是不可數名詞。而不可數名詞要表達數量時，要用與之相關的量詞來表達，如：two pieces of paper.
［誤］please give me two letter papers.
［正］please give me two pieces of letter paper.
［析］paper作為紙講是不可數名詞，而作為報紙、考卷、文章講時則是可數名詞，如：each student should write a paper on what he has learnt.
［誤］my glasses is broken.
［正］my glasses are broken.
［誤］i want to buy two shoes.
［正］i want to buy two pairs of shoes.
［析］英語中glasses—眼鏡，shoes—鞋，trousers—褲子等由兩部分組成的名詞一般要用復數形式。如果要表示一副眼鏡應用a pair of glasses而這時的謂語動詞應與量詞相一致。如：this pair of glasses is very good.
［誤］may i borrow two radioes?
［正］may i borrow two radios?
［析］以o結尾的名詞大都是用加es來表示其復數形式，但如果o前面是一個元音字母或外來語時則只加s就可以了。這樣的詞有zoo—zoos,piano—pianos.
［誤］this is a mary's dictionary.
［正］this is mary's dictionary.
［析］如名詞前有指示代詞this, that, these those,及其他修飾詞our,some, every, which, 或所有格時，則不要再加冠詞。
［誤］there are much people in the garden.
［正］there are many people in the garden.
［析］可數名詞前應用many, few, a few, a lot of 來修飾，而people是可數名詞，而且是復數名詞，如：the people are planting trees here.
［誤］i want a few water.
［正］i want a little water.
［析］不可數名詞前可以用a little, little, a lot of, some來修飾，但不可用many,few來修飾。
［誤］thank you very much. your family is very kind to me.
［正］thank you very much. your family are very kind to me.
［誤］tom's and mary's family are waiting for us.
［正］tom's and mary's families are waiting for us.
［誤］i'm sorry. i have to go. tom's families are waiting for me.
［正］i'm sorry. i have to go. tom's family are waiting for me.
［析］集合名詞如果指某個集合的整體，則應視為單數，如指某個集合體中的個體則應視為復數。如:my family is a big family. when i came in, tom's family were watching tv. 即湯姆一家人正在看電視。這樣的集合名詞有：family class, team等。