備戰(zhàn)2020中考英語總復(fù)習資料
（二） 正誤辨析
［誤］ the stories in that book was written many years ago
［正］ the stories in that book were written many years ago.
［析］ 作主語的名詞、代詞或不定式、動名詞，它們往往要帶有修飾詞，這些詞可能是形容詞，也可能是短語，但謂語動詞還是要取決于這個主語的數(shù)，要記住的是一個名詞不可能在同一句中作兩個不同的語法成份，如： book 作了 of 的介詞賓語則不可能再作主語了。
［誤］ to read many books are good for you
［正］ to read many books is good for you
［析］ 不定式作主語應(yīng)該看作單數(shù)主語。
［誤］ what he said are right
［正］ what he said is right
［析］ 從句作主語一定要按單數(shù)主語看待。
［正］ the rich is not always happy
［誤］ the rich are not always happy
［析］ 形容詞＋定冠詞表示一類人，謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)，如： the young are very interested in study and sports
［誤］ the school master and writer are coming
［正］ the school master and writer is coming
［析］ 本句應(yīng)譯為：校長兼作家就要來了。而 the school master and the writer are coming 則要譯為：校長和一個作家要來了。在英語表達法中確實有 the girl and boy are playing on the grass 這應(yīng)譯為：一個女孩，一個男孩在操場上玩。因為不可能這樣兩個概念作用在一個人身上。又如： the husband and wife 夫妻二人。
［誤］ you or she go to get some water for us
［正］ you or she goes to get some water for us
［析］ 由 or 連接的兩個主語應(yīng)以離謂語動詞近的那一個計算其數(shù)。這樣的用法還有 either … or，neither … nor， not only … but also 也有人稱作"就近原則"。
［誤］ the teacher with a lot of students come into the classroom
［正］ the teacher with a lot of students comes into the classroom
［析］ 真正的主語是 the teacher， 而 with 短語是伴隨狀態(tài)，不影響主語的數(shù)。
［誤］ my glasses is broken
［正］ my glasses are broken
［誤］ this pair of glasses are good
［正］ this pair of glasses is good
［誤］ these kinds of butter is good.
［正］ these kinds of butter are good
［析］ 英語中有些名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式，如： glasses 眼鏡， shorts 短褲等。如沒有量詞在前時，要用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞，但有了量詞之后則要按量詞的單復(fù)數(shù)計算。
［誤］ one of the boys are going to take part in the match
［正］ one of the boys is going to take part in the match
［析］ one of 結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)以 one 來計算主語的數(shù)。
［誤］ half of the work are done
［正］ half of the work is done
［誤］ half of the books is read
［正］ half of the books are read
［析］ 在小于1的數(shù)量詞作主語時，如： 2 3 ，80％，0.35… ＋ of ＋名詞，這時主語的數(shù)應(yīng)按 of 后面的名詞計算。如果名詞是不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，則謂語動詞要用單數(shù)，如名詞是復(fù)數(shù)則要用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞。
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